Intelligent transportation systems (ITS) refer to the use of advanced technologies, communication systems, and data analytics to improve the efficiency, safety, and sustainability of transportation networks. ITS encompasses a wide range of applications, including traffic management, electronic toll collection, traveler information systems, connected vehicles, and smart infrastructure. These systems aim to enhance the overall performance of transportation systems by reducing congestion, improving traffic flow, and increasing the safety and reliability of transportation networks. ITS research focuses on developing innovative solutions to address the challenges faced by modern transportation systems and to support the development of smarter, more efficient transportation networks.